thyroid problems

Reading Toxic Bodies reminded me a lot of the government testing that was done on nuclear bombs as well as radiation.

The bombs they detonated in the Bikini Islands as well as the deserts of Nevada had a devastating effect on not only the surrounding communities, but also on the people who lived thousands of miles away.





 "Above are the per capita thyroid doses (in rads) in the continental United States resulting from all exposure routes from all atmospheric nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site from 1951–1962."

My concern was if fallout from tests was reaching as far east as Vermont, what kind of exposure remained in the bodies of everyone who was alive at the time the tests took place. Not only was I concerned about the exposure that people had from this time, but also what effects this exposure had to have had on their children. I grew up in the same place as Maria from the preface of Toxic Bodies, and I was unaware that breastfeeding could cause the harmful substances in the rivers to be transferred to the child. If toxins such as these could move through breastfeeding, does this mean the radiation may have also been passed along to the child?

eco-colonization of sub-sahara Africa

JSTOR Article

This article I found brings up the same points I had mentioned during discussion on Friday. The main point the article is trying to get across is that first world nations spend huge sums of money to preserve the environment as well as the biodiversity. At the same time, the needs of those living in these areas are completely disregarded.

There is a belief that third world nations are unable to preserve the environment, and so outside intervention from other nations carry out their "superior" preservation techniques. This is called ethnocentrism, and it happens when one believes their own opinions and actions to be superior to others.

The ethnocentric view of Africa is turning it into something it is not. Media portrays the African jungle as this incredibly dangerous place with a plethora of wild creatures around every corner. Unfortunately, this view, however false, is what visitors want to see when they are in Africa. So companies with lucrative backers manufacture their own "African Safari". This in the long run will have an adverse affect on not only the environment, but also those who live within these areas.

Mercury Biomagnification

Mercury in fish is a huge health threat to anyone, but people who rely upon fish for their main source of protein nearly everyday, not eating fish simply isn't an option. The image shows the increasing levels of mercury as the food chain moves up. As can be noted, the larger the fish, the more mercury it will have accumulated in its body. The same is true for the age of the fish. They call this biomagnification.







While not eating the fish is so far the best strategy that has been made to counter the levels of mercury, this is not a viable option for everyone. There are many who, although they have access to grocery stores and other food markets, depend massively upon the food that they can gather and prepare themselves. For people who live near water, fish becomes an enormous staple in their diet. With the new knowledge of biomagnification and its health detriments, the general public has been told the safe levels of fish to eat per week. While most people are used to not relying upon fish for a lot of meals, this advice is very easy to follow, but those who consume fish daily do not have many other options available. Even with the knowledge of biomagnification, many people who relied on fish before decide to still do so now.

Telling people to not eat fish is not a solution to the problem of mercury. Instead more research must be done to determine ways to reduce the total levels of mercury entering the water, as well as a way to remove the already present mercury.

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Mining and Resources

Mining introduces some bad chemicals to the environment, and with the loopholes in the Clean Water Act still being taken advantage of, these wastes are being dumped directly into water ways. After enough of these wastes are dumped into a body of water or river, the fish are no longer edible and the water no longer safe to swim in or drink.

EPA's link on Torch Lake

Torch Lake is an example of the insidious nature of the mine tailings and stamp sands. The lake was used as a dump for the wastes of the mine, and the results were terrible. Fish with large tumors were being found, and after several tests were found unsafe to eat. The water was also corrupted.

Not everyone was harmed equally from this act. Those who lived on the lake or obtained sustenance from it were at a severe disadvantage when they were told that the fish is no longer safe to eat. Eating some fish was ok, but nowhere near the levels that the people in this area were used to.

This disadvantage for those who subsist off of the water and its bounties is much greater than for those who do not rely upon the water as much. This is true in many other places besides Torch Lake, with Native Americans receiving the short end of the stick anywhere mines have been allowed to dump their tailings and other wastes directly into the water. The loopholes in the Clean Water Act much be taken care of to ensure the protection of both the water and the people who live on the water.